To find out what the abbreviation means for the title of the report, you can use: A neutral quote indicates a judgment; It is perhaps most easily understood as a judgment figure, even if it looks like a quote for a legislative report. The term “neutral” is used to indicate that it is independent of a published report (“media neutral”). Neutral citations were first published by the House of Lords, the Privy Council, the Court of Appeal and the Administrative Court in 2001 and by all other divisions of the High Court in 2002. Courts and commissions also issue neutral citations. The Social Sciences Reading Room also has printed reference sources such as legal report indexes, case citations and Halsbury`s Laws of England. Details of the collection from the original Naming of Legal Reports series can be found in the Chronological List of Legal Reports. Square brackets [ ] are used when the series has no consecutive band numbers and the year is critical in determining the correct volume. The story of Donoghue v. Stevenson therefore appears in the 1932 volume of appeal cases, beginning at page 562, written [1932] AC 562. Neutral citations also use square brackets for the year.
Once the reporter has submitted the report, it is reviewed and revised internally, and references and citations in the judgment are reviewed to ensure complete accuracy. When the report is complete, a proofreading, including the revised judgment, is sent to the judge(s) for approval. Although judges are invited to comment on the note or other aspects of the report, the main purpose of sending evidence is for them to approve the verdict. Any question or anomaly may be brought to their attention at this stage, and it is not uncommon for the judges themselves to propose minor changes to the text at this stage. Modern legal reports aim to provide accurate, full-text accounts of court decisions and reasoning in cases that have the force of law as precedents. They are dominated by cases from higher courts and very rarely contain cases decided by lower courts. LexisLibrary is an online subscription database. It includes background case information and citations, as well as full-text reports and transcripts where appropriate.
Judges may recommend decisions for report, but this decision is usually made by the drafters of the various sets of legal reports. This means that cases of particular interest may be overlooked, while cases that add nothing new but give the impression of broad coverage may be included. The Judicature Acts 1873-1875 created a judicial hierarchy which was completed when the House of Lords became the court of final appeal under the Appellate Jurisdiction Act 1876. The modern doctrine of binding force of judicial precedents became important only when there were good legal relationships and a consolidated judicial hierarchy. While the title adds value to the report of a judgment, it is the judgment itself that sets the precedent and binds subsequent decision-makers. These case lists are commonly referred to as “block lists”. Report references for cases where more than one such reference is available are listed in order of citation status, indicating first the reference of the legal reports (as it must be cited against any other version), followed by weekly legal reports, specialized series published by the ICLR, and then various series. such as the All England Law Reports and Lloyd`s Law Reports of other publishers. It is also in this order that these references are presented in the consolidated index, which indexes all reports published in these and some other widely used series.
The citation has three main elements in the case law: the names of the parties (italics), the neutral quotation and the judgment report. In the case of judgments prior to the introduction of neutral quotations, the names of the parties (in italics), the record of the judgment and the abbreviation of the Court of First Instance must appear in parentheses. When quoting or paraphrasing a judgment, you must also specify an exact point. In some series, the name of the court can only be identified by the volume or publication in which the case appears. For example, cases listed in the Chancery series of Law Reports are considered to be classified in the Chancery Division of the High Court, unless they are deemed to have been decided by the Court of Appeal or, at the request of the High Court or Court of Appeal, by the Court of Justice of the European Union. The identity of the judge and the court in which the hearing took place is an essential element of any legal opinion. If it is possible, in the consideration of a case, to characterize it as a “decision of the Court of Appeal” or to mention that a particular case has been “set aside by the House of Lords” in a subsequent appeal, no report on the relevant decision of the Court of Appeal or the House of Lords can be invoked. in which the “constitution” of the Court was not indicated. that is, listing the names of the judges who sit on the bench, even if they have not all decided. All legislative reports, whether comprehensive or summarised, must contain certain basic information justifying citation of a legislative proposal.
A neutral quote, e.g. EWCA Civ, is a quote attributed to cases since 2001 in: The following examples follow accepted conventions for referencing legal reports. Hearing dates are an optional but obviously useful addition. (For example, they could help indicate that a case was heard by the court before a material judgment in another case that, if known, could have influenced the reasoning or verdict.) Official law reports, the All Englands and other series that use the year as a volume number often have more than one volume per year. The volume number follows the year following the square brackets. Annual volume figures rarely exceed 5. The case analysis shows you where the case was reported, with a summary and links to legal reports, if applicable. It also lists journal articles and books that mention the case. Parties in case [year] Abbreviation of the page of the legislative report.
Abbreviations are often used to refer to legal reports and legal journals. Use the Cardiff Index to Legal Abbreviations to find out what abbreviations mean. The Cardiff Index contains abbreviations for UK and foreign legal reports and reviews, as well as some important legislative publications and manuals. Westlaw, Lexis and other databases also contain information on abbreviations. To refer to quotes from judgments without paragraph numbers, quote the page number after the court. The following example cites a quote or reference on page 714 of the report. If more than one judge sat, it is also important to determine which judge or judges decided. As a rule, this is done by indicating the name of the competent judge at the beginning of his judgment. If one or more judges depart from the decision of the others, this must also be clearly stated in the report. If you are quoting a judgment report, cite the “best report” (as indicated in the table of legal reports above) and indicate the year of the volume, the volume number, if applicable, the abbreviation of the legislative report series, and the first page of the report. If there is no neutral quote (which will be the case before 2001), end up including the dish in parentheses. As a result of these trials, the version of the judgment contained in a full-text legal report published by the ICLR is more authoritative and reliable than the transcript.
If the legal report has a volume number and, therefore, the year is not decisive for finding the case, put it in parentheses: Parties to the case (year) Volume number Abbreviation of the page of the legal report. In the Social Sciences Reading Room, you will find online legal databases that you can use for case research. The databases provide access to case summaries, full-text legal reports, transcripts of judgments and commentaries. The databases include the following legislative reports: The most important and important element of a full-text legislative report is the judgment(s) rendered in the case. The version used in the report is based on an authorized transcript approved by the court as an accurate record. However, it is then subjected to a number of machining processes. First, the journalist examines all references and citations from other cases, manuals, laws and other documents published in the judgment. The wording of the judgment is aligned with the ICLR`s “house style” in terms of dates, certain types of accepted abbreviations, quotations, etc. The accuracy and consistency of non-cash references such as data, monetary amounts, etc. shall be checked. The following is an excerpt from a typical legal report, with the different parties on the right, or you can watch this short video (opens on YouTube) This summary of reasoning is a unique feature of ICLR Law Reports (no other English series regularly contains them) and is only possible because ICLR rapporteurs regularly appear before the courts during the hearing and discussion of cases. And not just when a verdict is rendered.