In Latin America, most of the population is descended from Indians, Europeans and Africans. They formed the mestizo and mulatto populations that populate the countries of Latin America. Intermarriage and interaction took place on a larger scale than in most places in the world. In some countries, Asian immigrants also intermarried. About 300,000 Cantonese coolies and migrants (almost all men) from the 19th to the 20th century and migrants were shipped to Latin America, many had been married or had sex with women of different racial backgrounds such as Africans, Mullato, Europeans, mestizos, etc. It is estimated that 100,000 Chinese came to Peru, only 15 were women, and in Cuba, the census for 1872 only recorded only 32 Chinese women compared to 58,368 Chinese men. [50] In total, about 140,000 Chinese men went to Cuba between 1847 and 1874, and another 100,000 to Peru between 1849 and 1874. [51] Massachusetts is the second state to repeal its Miscegenation Act, reinforcing the distinction between northern and southern states in terms of slavery and civil liberties. The original prohibition of 1705, the third such law after those in Maryland and Virginia, prohibited both marriage and intimate relationships between blacks or Native Americans and whites.
Interracial marriages between Turks, Europeans and Central Asians in Kazakhstan are rare, but increasing. The most common marriages are between Kazakhs and Volga Tatars. Mixed marriages usually involve Kazakh men, as Muslim tradition favors men over women. For example, 1% were between Russians, Tatars and Kazakhs (792 between Russians and Tatars, 561 between Kazakhs and Tatars and 212 between Kazakhs and Russians). 701 Kazakh men married Russians or Tatars, only 72 Kazakh women. [218] Among Kyrgyz men living in Uzbekistan who are married to non-Kyrgyz women, 9.6 percent had married Russians, 25.6 percent Uzbeks, and 34.3 percent Tatars. Interracial marriages caused an uproar both among former Bamangwato and under South Africa`s apartheid government. The latter rejected the idea of an interracial couple ruling just beyond their northern border and pressured Khama to remove him from his main office. The British Labour government, then heavily indebted by World War II, could not afford to lose supplies of cheap South African gold and uranium.
They also feared that South Africa would take direct action against Bechuanaland, Khama`s homeland, through economic sanctions or military invasion. [422] [423] The British government opened a parliamentary inquiry into Khama`s leadership suitability. Although the investigation found that he was extremely fit to govern Bechuanaland, “but for his unhappy marriage,”[424] the government ordered that the report be suppressed. (It would remain so for thirty years.) She banished Khama and his wife from Bechuanaland in 1951. It took many years for the couple to live in Africa, and a few more years before Khama became president of present-day Botswana. His son, Ian Khama, was president of that country decades later. Today, there are a number of high-profile interracial couples in Southern Africa, such as the unions of Mmusi Maimane (a black opposition politician who served as South African opposition leader) and his white wife Natalie Maimane, Siya Kolisi (black rugby union player and current captain of the South African national team) and his white wife Rachel Kolisi. Nyaniso Dzedze (a black actor) and his German wife Yana Fay Dzedze, Matthew Booth (a white footballer) and his wife Sonia Bonneventia (a former black princess of Miss South Africa and international model)[195] and Bryan Habana (a black South African rugby union player) and his white wife Janine Viljoen. [196] However, there appears to be an advantage to the complex identity of a multiracial person. For example, multiracial people may switch between their racial identities and get along well in different social groups.
Gaither`s research has found that multiracial people have higher self-esteem, increased social engagement, and greater well-being. In addition, a 2015 study[13] found that when multiracial people were willing to think about their identity in advance, they showed greater creative problem-solving skills.